بسم  الله الرحمن الرحيم

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL
Mutah University                                                                          Faculty of Science	
Chemistry Department                                                                 Fall Semester 2018/2019	
Analytical Separation Techniques 
0303711 0303711                                   تقنيات الفصل التحليلية              
Tentative Course Syllabus

- Selected  References
There are many good references in the library of Mutah University and on internet (Analytical chemistry websites) about separation science and chromatographic techniques. However, it is hard to find only one source that covers all topics of this course. Some of these reading are listed below,

1.	Principles of instrumental analysis, Skoog/Holler/Nieman, 5th ed .Harcourt, 1998 or latest edition
2.	Chemical Analysis, Modern Instrumental methods and techniques, Francis Rouessac and Annick Rouessac, 6th edition, Wiley, 2007. or latest edition
3.	
4.	Chemical separations:  principles, techniques and experiments, Clifton E Meloan, Wiley-Interscience publication, NewYork, 1999 or latest edition.
5.	Chromatography and separation science, Satinder Ahuja, Academic press, Amsterdam, 2003 or latest edition.
6.	Instrumental methods of analysis, Willard et al., 7th edition, Wadsworth, 1988. 
7.	Chromatography today, Poole and Poole, Elsevier, 1991.
8.	Gas chromatography, Fowlis, 2nd edition, Wiley, 1995.
9.	Chromatography for inorganic chemistry, Leaderer, Wiley, 1994.
10.	Practical high performance liquid chromatography, Meyer, Wiley, 1994.
11.	HPLC, a practical user guide, McMaster, VCH publishers, 1994.
12.	Analysis with supercritical fluids: extraction and chromatography, Wenclawiak (ed), Springer-Verlag, 1992.
13.	Unified separation, Giddings, Wiley, 1991 or latest edition.
14.	Non-Chromatographic continuous separation techniques, Valcardel and Luque de Castro, Royal Society of Chemistry, 1991.
15.	Contemporary instrumental analysis, K Rubinson and J Rubinson, Prentice Hall, NJ, 2000.

Scope and Objectives
Analytical separation techniques play a vital role in analytical chemistry and in various fields of our daily life. Most laboratories include several separation techniques in their daily work, both in routine analysis and in Research and Development strategies (R & D). This is chiefly a result of the enhancement in sensitivity and selectivity affordable by these methods. Thus, this course provides a basic understanding of the principles of the physical and chemical methods of separation and their applications. Our emphasis on through coverage of chromatographic processes and a brief description of non-chromatographic continuous and discrete separation methods.

Tentative Course outline of 0303711

1.	Introduction to separation processes
a.	Stages of analytical process
b.	Definition of separation
c.	Objectives of separation techniques
d.	Eliminating interferences
e.	Classifying analytical separation techniques
i.	According  to operational dynamics
ii.	 Dynamic separation techniques

f.	Physicochemical phenomena
g.	Rates processes
h.	Utilizing a desirable physical property
i.	Modes of chromatography
j.	Adsorption versus absorption
k.	Selectivity and detectabilitry

2.	Brief description of some separation techniques
a.	Zone melting techniques
b.	ring-oven techniques   
c.	 precipitation techniques
d.	Crystallization
e.	filtration
f.	Membrane  separations
i.	Ultra-filtration
ii.	Reverse osmosis
iii.	 Dialysis
iv.	Electro- dialysis 
g.	Distillation techniques
h.	 Flotation

3.	Separation by extraction and sample preparation (handling)
a.	Extraction types
b.	Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE)
i.	An introduction
ii.	Theory: distribution coefficient and ratio
iii.	Extraction efficiency
iv.	Solvent extraction by metals
v.	Extraction  by crown ethers and other monocyclic molecules
vi.	Applications of LLE

c.	Soxhlet Extraction
d.	Microwave-assisted extraction
e.	Ultrasonic extraction
f.	Solid-phase extraction (SPE)

i.	Uses of SPE
ii.	SPE materials: silica-based packing and sol-gel glass
iii.	SPE process
iv.	Advantages of SPE over classical L/L extration
g.	 Solid phase microextraction (SME)
i.	Theory
ii.	advantages
h.	Superbcritical  fluid extraction  
i.	Solvent extraction by flow injection analysis, FIA.

4.	An introduction to chromatographic separations: General aspects of chromatography (Chr)
a.	An introduction
b.	Classifying chromatographic separation
c.	Elution chromatographic in columns
d.	Migration rates of solutes
i.	Distribution constants
ii.	Retention factors
iii.	Selectivity factors
e.	Column efficiency and zone broadening
f.	Methods for describing column efficiency
g.	Kinetic variables that affecting band broadening
h.	Theory of band broadening
i.	Optimization of column performance
i.	Column resolution
ii.	The effect of retention and selectivity factors on resolution
j.	Sample capacity
k.	The chromatographic compromise
l.	General elution problem
m.	Applications of chromatography
i.	Qualitative analysis
ii.	Quantitative analysis

5.	Gas Chromatography, GC
a.	Gas liquid chromatography, GLC
i.	theory 
ii.	instrumentation; gas chromatograph 
iii.	carrier gas supply
iv.	sample injection systems
v.	 zcommon sample preparation techniques for GC: SPME, purge and trap, head space  sampling, pyrolysis GC  
vi.	columns and stationary phases
1.	Packed columns
2.	Capillary columns: open tubular columns 
3.	advantages and disadvantages
4.	types of OTC:  WCOT, SCOT, FSOT and PLOC
5.	megabare columns
6.	column selection
7.	temperature programming

vii.	GC detector systems 
viii.	 applications of GLC
b.	High-speed GC
c.	Gas solid chromatography, GSC

6.	GC/MS, Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry
a.	Hyphenated methods
b.	Interfacing GC with spectroscopic methods
c.	GC/MS instruments
d.	GC/MS analysis

7.	High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC
a.	Scope of HPLC
b.	Types of HPL chromatography
c.	Column efficiency in liquid chromatography, LC
i.	Theory
ii.	Apparatus for HPLC
iii.	Methods:  types of HPLC 
iv.	pumps, solvent treatment 
v.	isocratic and gradient elution
vi.	injectors
vii.	columns:
1.	guard 
2.	analytical: standards, high performance and packed capillaries  
viii.	detectors : bulk and solute property  
d.	High performance partition chromatography, LL
i.	Bonded phase packings
ii.	Normal phase chr (NPC) and reversed phase chr (RPC)
iii.	 Applications
e.	Ion-pair chromatography
f.	High performance adsorption chromatography, LSC
g.	Affinity Ch

8.	Ion Chromatography, IC
a.	Common ion-exchange resins
b.	Basics of IC
c.	 Ion chromatography based on suppressor
d.	Single-column ion chromatography
e.	Applications

9.	Size exclusion Chr, SEC
a.	Principles
b.	Instrument
c.	Analytical Applications
      
10.	Liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry LC/MS or HPLC-MS
a.	Principle of mass spectrometry
b.	 components of MS
c.	Diagram of LC/MS system
d.	Interfacing LC instrument with MS instrument
e.	Analytical Applications 

11.	Supercritical fluid Chromatography, SFC

a.	Properties of supercritical fluids
b.	 Supercritical fluids chr
i.	 Theory
ii.	Instrumentation
iii.	Applications
c.	Supercritical fluid extraction

12.	Planar Chr
a.	Paper chr, PC
b.	Thin-layer chr, TLC
c.	Conventional TLC
d.	Modern  TLC, high performance TLC

13.	Electrophoresis  and capillary electrophoresis (CE)****